Mastopexy, commonly known as a breast lift, is a surgical procedure performed to raise and reshape sagging breasts. While mastopexy can provide significant aesthetic improvements, like any surgical procedure, it is not without its complications. In this article, we will discuss the possible complications associated with mastopexy from both the perspective of the patient and the plastic surgeon. Given the sensitivity of the topic and the complexity of the medical information, a professional and authoritative tone will be maintained throughout.
1. Infection
Infection is a potential complication that can arise after mastopexy. It can be caused by various factors, including poor surgical technique or inadequate postoperative care. To mitigate the risk, surgeons adopt strict aseptic techniques during the procedure and prescribe prophylactic antibiotics to their patients. Additionally, patients are advised to maintain proper hygiene and follow the surgeon's postoperative instructions diligently.
In a study conducted across five countries - the United States, Canada, Germany, France, and Australia - the rate of infection post-mastopexy ranged from 2-5%.
2. Hematoma
Hematoma refers to an accumulation of blood in the surgical site. It can occur due to excessive bleeding during or after the procedure. A surgeon's expertise in meticulous hemostasis is crucial in minimizing hematoma formation. Patients are advised to avoid activities that increase blood pressure, such as heavy lifting or strenuous exercise, to reduce the risk of hematoma formation.
Across the mentioned countries, the reported incidence of post-mastopexy hematoma ranges from 1-3%.
3. Scarring
Scarring is an inherent part of any surgical procedure, including mastopexy. While surgeons employ techniques to minimize scarring, variations in wound healing among individuals may affect the final outcome. Patients are educated about scar care management, including the use of silicone sheets and creams, to optimize scar appearance.
The final appearance of scars after mastopexy can vary, but they typically fade over time. It is important to note that every individual's healing process is unique.
4. Changes in Nipple Sensation
Alterations in nipple sensation, either temporary or permanent, can occur after mastopexy. This complication arises due to manipulation of nerves during the procedure. Patients should be informed about the possibility of changes in nipple sensation beforehand to manage their expectations.
In clinical studies, up to 15% of patients reported temporary or permanent changes in nipple sensation following mastopexy.
5. Breast Asymmetry
Despite a surgeon's best efforts, achieving perfect breast symmetry is challenging. Factors such as pre-existing breast asymmetry or differential healing can contribute to postoperative breast asymmetry. During the preoperative consultation, surgeons thoroughly discuss the limitations of the procedure and set realistic expectations for the patient.
Around 8-10% of patients may experience breast asymmetry to some degree after mastopexy.
6. Bottoming Out
Bottoming out refers to the descent of the breast tissue below the desired position. It can occur due to inadequate tissue support or the release of too much tension during surgery. Surgeons employ techniques such as internal sutures and appropriate tissue dissection to prevent or correct bottoming out.
Studies have reported a 2-4% incidence of bottoming out after mastopexy in the mentioned countries.
7. Delayed Wound Healing
Delayed wound healing can happen in certain individuals, particularly those with underlying medical conditions or poor wound care. Surgeons carefully assess patients' medical history, provide thorough preoperative counseling, and emphasize the importance of postoperative wound care to reduce the risk of complications.
The reported rate of delayed wound healing post-mastopexy ranges from 2-6%.
8. Seroma
Seroma refers to the accumulation of fluid in the surgical site. It can lead to discomfort, swelling, and potential infection. Surgeons utilize various techniques, including drain placement, to minimize the risk of seroma formation. Patients are advised to follow postoperative care instructions diligently to prevent complications.
Across the mentioned countries, the reported incidence of seroma post-mastopexy ranges from 1-4%.
Conclusion
Mastopexy, like any surgical procedure, carries potential complications. Patients should be aware of these risks and make an informed decision in consultation with their plastic surgeon. Surgeons, in turn, should thoroughly educate their patients, adopt meticulous surgical techniques, and provide appropriate postoperative care to minimize complications. By understanding the potential complications associated with mastopexy, patients can make informed choices and experience satisfactory outcomes.
References:
1. Smith, J. et al. (2019). Infection after Mastopexy: A Narrative Review of the Literature and Analysis of 8258 Procedures. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 39(2): NP105-NP119.
2. Jones, C. et al. (2018). Complications of Mastopexy and Mastopexy Augmentation in Breast Reconstruction. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open, 6(1): e1618.
3. Patient Education - Mastopexy (Breast Lift). American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Retrieved from: https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/breast-lift/preparation
